A 3-way speaker is a type of loudspeaker system that consists of three separate drivers, each handling different frequency ranges for improved sound clarity and separation. The three drivers are:
- Woofer – Handles low frequencies (bass).
- Midrange Driver – Handles mid frequencies (vocals, instruments).
- Tweeter – Handles high frequencies (treble, details).
By dividing the audio spectrum into three bands, a 3-way speaker reduces distortion and improves efficiency, delivering a more balanced and accurate sound.
What is a 3-Way Crossover Design?
A 3-way crossover is a circuit that splits the full-range audio signal into three separate frequency bands, directing each to the appropriate driver.
Like in 2-way crossovers, a 3-way crossover can be either:
- Passive – Uses capacitors, inductors, and resistors to split the signal after the amplifier stage.
- Active – Uses electronic filters before amplification, requiring separate amplifiers for each driver.
Basic 3-Way Passive Crossover Design
A passive 3-way crossover typically consists of:
- High-Pass Filter (HPF) – Directs high frequencies to the tweeter.
- Band-Pass Filter (BPF) – Directs midrange frequencies to the mid driver.
- Low-Pass Filter (LPF) – Directs low frequencies to the woofer.
Advantages of a 3-Way Speaker System
✅ Better frequency separation → Less distortion and phase issues.
✅ Improved power handling → Each driver handles a specific range efficiently.
✅ More dynamic and detailed sound → Especially in midrange and high frequencies.
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